Effect of nitric oxide inhibitor and donor substances on the inflammatory process caused by endodontic irrigants.

UNLABELLED: Nitric oxide (NO) has been considered a key molecule in inflammation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with L-NAME and sodium nitroprussiate, substances that inhibit and release NO, respectively, on tissue tolerance to endodontic irrigants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The vital dye exudation method was used in a rat subcutaneous tissue model. Injections of 2% Evans blue were administered intravenously into the dorsal penial vein of 14 male rats (200-300 g). The NO inhibitor and donor substances were injected into the subcutaneous tissue in the dorsal region, forming two groups of animals: G1 was inoculated with L-NAME and G2 with sodium nitroprussiate. Both groups received injections of the test endodontic irrigants: acetic acid, 15% citric acid, 17% EDTA-T and saline (control). After 30 min, analysis of the extravasated dye was performed by light absorption spectrophotometry (620 nm). RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between groups 1 and 2 for all irrigants. L-NAME produced a less intense inflammatory reaction and nitroprussiate intensified this process. CONCLUSIONS: Independently of the administration of NO inhibitors and donors, EDTA-T produced the highest irritating potential in vital tissue among the tested irrigating solutions.

Effect of nitric oxide inhibitor and donor substances on the infammatory process caused by endodontic irrigants

Nitric oxide (NO) has been considered a key molecule in infammation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with L-NAME and sodium nitroprussiate, substances that inhibit and release NO, respectively, on tissue tolerance to endodontic irrigants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The vital dye exudation method was used in a rat subcutaneous tissue model. Injections of 2 percent Evans blue were administered intravenously into the dorsal penial vein of 14 male rats (200-300 g). The NO inhibitor and donor substances were injected into the subcutaneous tissue in the dorsal region, forming two groups of animals: G1 was inoculated with L-NAME and G2 with sodium nitroprussiate. Both groups received injections of the test endodontic irrigants: acetic acid, 15 percent citric acid, 17 percent EDTA-T and saline (control). After 30 min, analysis of the extravasated dye was performed by light absorption spectrophotometry (620 nm). RESULTS: There was statistically signifcant difference (p<0.05) between groups 1 and 2 for all irrigants. L-NAME produced a less intense infammatory reaction and nitroprussiate intensifed this process. CONCLUSIONS: Independently of the administration of NO inhibitors and donors, EDTA-T produced the highest irritating potential in vital tissue among the tested irrigating solutions.

Participation of the ß-adrenoceptors of the medial septal area on urine flow rate, sodium and potassium excretion

Investigou-se a participaçäo dos ß-adrenoceptores da área septal (AS) na excreçäo urinária de sódio, potássio e fluxo urinário. As alteraçöes na pressäo arterial e algumas funçöes renais foram também investigadas. A injeçäo de 2.10-8 à 16.10-8 M de isoproterenol, através de cânulas de demora implantadas permanentemente na AS, produziu uma diminuiçäo significante dose-dependente na excreçäo urinária de sódio, potássio e fluxo urinário. Pré-tratamento com 16.10-8 M de butoxamina antagonizou o efeito de 4.10-8 M de isoproterenol mas o pré-tratamento com 16.10-8 M de practolol näo aboliu o efeito do isoproterenol. Os ß2 agonistas, terbutalina e salbutamol (4.10-8 M) quando injetados intraseptalmente produziram também um decréscimo no fluxo urinário e na excreçäo de sódio e potássio. Após injeçäo de isoproterenol ou salbutamol (4.10-8 M) na AS, a pressäo arterial, taxa de filtraçäo glomerular (TFG) e a filtraçäo de sódio foram reduzidas, enquanto que a fraçäo de reabsorçäo de sódio foi aumentada. Os resultados indicam que os ß2 adrenoceptores da AS tem influência na diminuiçäo de sódio, potássio e fluxo urinário e este efeito pode ser devido a queda na TFG e no sódio filtrado e pelo aumento na reabsorçäo tubular de sódio

Morphological alterations of the rat submandibular gland caused by lesion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

As características morfológicas da glândula submandibular de ratos foram estudadas em diferentes períodos de tempo (5, 10, 20, 40 e 90 dias) após a lesäo do núcleo ventromedial do hipotálamo. O arranjo estrutural da glândula submandibular foi o mesmo em ratos com lesäo do núcleo ventromedial e nos ratos controle ou com lesäo fictícia. No primeiro grupo, entretanto, o septo estava estreito, dificultando a definiçäo dos compartimentos lobulares. Alteraçöes do parênquima foram bastante evidentes nos ratos lesados, com hipotrofia acinar e aumento no número de ductos granulosos. Os componentes submandibulares restantes, entretanto, näo apresentaram alteraçöes quando comparados com aqueles dos animais controles. Em resumo, a lesäo do núcleo ventromedial do hipotálamo produz as seguintes mudanças na glândula submandibular do rato: 1) diminuiçäo da massa glandular; 2) hipotrofia acinar; e 3) aumento no número de ductos granulosos

O efeito de hormônios neurohipofisários sobre a excreçäo de eletrólitos em ratos / The effect of neurohypophyseal hormones on the excretion of electrolytes in rats

Os autores estudaram o efeito da infusäo endovenosa de uma soluçäo aquosa de HAD e ocitocina, em diferentes períodos de tempo. Pela análise dos resultados verificaram que ambos os hormônios alteram significantemente a excreçäo urinária de água e sódio. Contudo, a excreçäo renal de potássio nem sempre acompanhou o pico de excreçäo de sódio. Os dados sugerem uma inibiçäo da reabsorçäo de sódio ao nível do túbulo proximal para distal